Ibikoresho byo kubaka nibintu byingenzi byubwubatsi, bigena ibiranga inyubako, imiterere, ningaruka. Ibikoresho byubaka gakondo birimo ahanini amabuye, ibiti, amatafari y ibumba, lime, na gypsumu, mugihe ibikoresho byubwubatsi bugezweho bikubiyemo ibyuma, sima, beto, ikirahure, na plastiki. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite ibintu byihariye kandi kigira uruhare runini mubwubatsi.
Ibikoresho byubaka gakondo
1. Ibuye
Kibuye nikimwe mubikoresho bya kera byubatswe byakoreshejwe mumateka yabantu. Igaragaza ibigega byinshi, gukwirakwizwa kwinshi, imiterere myiza, imbaraga zo gukomeretsa cyane, kurwanya amazi meza, kuramba, no kwihanganira kwambara neza. Uburayi bw’iburengerazuba bwahoze bukoresha amabuye menshi mu bwubatsi, hamwe n'ingero zigaragara zirimo Ingoro nziza ya Versailles mu Bufaransa n'inzu y'inteko ishinga amategeko y'Ubwongereza. Byongeye kandi, piramide zo muri Egiputa zubatswe hakoreshejwe neza amabuye manini yaciwe. Ubwubatsi bwamabuye butwara aura yicyubahiro, ibirori, nicyubahiro. Nyamara, kubera ubwinshi nuburemere bwacyo, inyubako zamabuye zikunda kugira inkuta ndende, bigabanya igipimo cyubutaka bwinyubako. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, irashobora gukoreshwa nkikimenyetso cyimyambarire mubwubatsi bwo hejuru, bigatanga ingaruka zidasanzwe zubuhanzi.
2. Igiti
Ibiti, nkibikoresho byubaka gakondo, bifite ibiranga nkuburemere, imbaraga nyinshi, ubwiza bwubwiza, gukora neza, kuvugurura, kongera gukoreshwa, no kubungabunga ibidukikije nta mwanda. Kubwibyo, inyubako zubakishijwe ibiti zigaragaza ituze ryiza hamwe n’imitingito. Ariko, ibiti bikoreshwa mubwubatsi nabyo bizana ibibi. Ikunda guhinduka, kumeneka, gukura, no kwanduza udukoko. Byongeye kandi, irashobora kwibasirwa numuriro, ishobora kugira ingaruka kumiterere no kuramba.
Igiti cyabaye ibikoresho byubwubatsi igihe cyashize kubera imiterere yubukanishi kandi cyakoreshejwe cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi kuva kera. Inyubako zimwe nkibice byurusengero rwa Nanchan hamwe n urusengero rwa Foguang kumusozi Wutai mubushinwa bikora nk'abahagarariye imyubakire. Izi nyubako zifite ahantu horoheje, hatandukanye, eva nini, imitwe igaragara, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye kandi bworoshye.
Mubikorwa byubwubatsi bugezweho, ibintu nkibiti, inkingi, inkunga, inzugi, amadirishya, ndetse nibishusho bikozwe mubiti. Nibikoresho byubaka bihumeka, ibiti bitanga ubushyuhe mugihe cyimbeho nubukonje mugihe cyizuba, bityo bigatuma abantu babaho neza.
Urusengero rwa Nanchan, mu Bushinwa
3. Amatafari y'ibumba
Amatafari y'ibumba ni ubwoko bwibikoresho byubatswe n'abantu. Kuva kera, amatafari y'ibumba asanzwe yabaye ibikoresho nyamukuru byo kubaka amazu mu Bushinwa. Amatafari y'ibumba arangwa nubunini bwayo, uburemere bworoshye, ubwubatsi bworoshye, imiterere itunganijwe kandi isanzwe, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, ubushobozi bwo kubika no kubungabunga, ndetse no gushushanya imbere. Kubishyira mubikorwa mubwubatsi byagize uruhare runini mugushinga ahantu ho gutura abantu. Umujyi wabujijwe ni ubwubatsi busanzwe bukoresha amatafari y'ibumba. Amatafari asanzwe yubakishijwe ibumba akoreshwa kumbere yinyuma agira uruhare mubikorwa byubuhanzi byabujijwe. Nyamara, ibikoresho fatizo byamatafari yibumba nibumba risanzwe, kandi umusaruro wabyo urimo gutamba ubutaka bwo guhingwa. Buhoro buhoro, basimbuwe nibindi bikoresho. Nubwo bimeze bityo, umwanya wabo mumateka yubwubatsi bwa muntu ntuzigera uhanagurwa.
4. Lime
Lime, nkibikoresho gakondo byubaka, izwiho kuba ifite plastike ikomeye, inzira yo gukomera buhoro, imbaraga nke nyuma yo gukomera, no kugabanuka kwinshi mugihe cyo gukomera. Imyaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'amateka ahamya ko ikiremwamuntu cyizera kandi gishingiye kuri ibi bikoresho. Tungurusumu ikomeje kuba ibikoresho byingenzi byubaka, bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byubwubatsi ninganda, nko guhomesha imbere, kuvanga lime na grout, no gutegura amatafari ya adobe nicyondo.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gypsumu, ikindi kintu cya kera cyubaka gakondo, kirimo ibikoresho fatizo byinshi, uburyo bworoshye bwo kubyaza umusaruro, gukoresha ingufu nke, gukoresha amazi menshi, kubihendutse, no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Birakwiriye cyane cyane kububiko bwimbere bugezweho, imitako, no kurangiza imishinga. Byongeye kandi, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora gypsum na progaramu ya gypsumu.
Ibikoresho byubaka bigezweho
5. Icyuma
Ibyuma bigira uruhare runini mubwubatsi bugezweho nkibikoresho byubaka. Ibyuma bifite imico myiza nkibyoroshye nyamara imbaraga nyinshi, plastike nziza nubukomere, umutekano no kwizerwa, urwego rwo hejuru rwinganda, umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwihuse, gusenya byoroshye, ibintu byiza bifunga, hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi biranga premium ituma biba ngombwa mubwubatsi bugezweho, cyane cyane bikoreshwa mubyuma binini binini nkibibuga byindege na stade, inyubako ndende zubatswe zirimo amahoteri ninyubako zo mu biro, inyubako ndende nka tereviziyo n’iminara y’itumanaho, ibyuma byerekana ibyuma nka peteroli nini ibigega byo kubikamo n'ibigega bya gaze, ibyuma byinganda zikora inganda, ibyuma byoroheje nkububiko buto, ibyuma byikiraro, nububiko bwibyuma byimuka nka lift na crane.
6. Sima
Isima, nkibikoresho byubaka bigezweho, isanga ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda, ubuhinzi, umutungo wamazi, ubwikorezi, iterambere ryumujyi, icyambu, nubwubatsi. Mubihe bigezweho, byahindutse ibikoresho byubwubatsi byingirakamaro kumushinga uwo ariwo wose wo kubaka. Isima ni ifu ya porojora idakoreshwa, iyo ivanze namazi, ikora amavuta kandi yoroheje. Igihe kirenze, iyi paste ya sima ihura nimpinduka zumubiri nubumara, bigahinduka biva mumashanyarazi byoroshye bigahinduka bikomeye hamwe nurwego runaka rwimbaraga. Irashobora kandi guhuza imbaga ikomeye cyangwa ibikoresho bya granulaire kugirango habeho urwego rumwe. Sima ntabwo ikomera kandi ikagira imbaraga iyo ihuye nikirere ariko irashobora no gukomera mumazi, kubungabunga ndetse no kuzamura imbaraga zayo. Isima ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwubatsi, hamwe nibikorwa byinshi mubikorwa byubwubatsi, ibikorwa remezo bya peteroli na gaze, kubaka urugomero, kubaka amabuye, kubaka umuhanda, nibindi byinshi.
7. Beto
Beto, nkibikoresho byubaka bigezweho, bigira uruhare runini mumishinga yubwubatsi bugezweho. Beto ni ibikoresho byubwubatsi bikozwe no kuvanga ibintu bihuza ibumba, lime, gypsumu, ivu ryibirunga, cyangwa asfalt karemano hamwe nibintu nkumucanga, ibishishwa, namabuye yajanjaguwe. Ifite ibintu byiza cyane, harimo guhuza imbaraga, kuramba, no kurwanya amazi. Nyamara, beto ifatwa nkibintu byoroheje bifite imbaraga zo gukomeretsa ariko imbaraga nkeya cyane, bigatuma ikunda gucika.
Hashyizweho sima nicyuma, byavumbuwe ko guhuza ibyo bikoresho byatanze imbaraga nziza zo guhuza kandi bikabemerera kuzuzanya intege nke zabo mugihe bakoresha imbaraga zabo. Mugushyiramo ibyuma byongera ibyuma muri beto, ntabwo irinda ibyuma gusa guhura nikirere, birinda kwangirika ahubwo binongera imbaraga mubice byubaka imbaraga. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya beto ishimangirwa, yagura urutonde rwibisabwa kuri beto mubwubatsi.
Ugereranije n'amatafari n'amabuye gakondo, ibyubakishijwe ibiti, n'ibyuma, ibyubatswe byahuye niterambere ryihuse kandi byabaye ibikoresho byibanze byubatswe mubwubatsi. Byongeye kandi, imikorere-yimikorere ihanitse kandi yuburyo bushya ikomeza gutera imbere no kwihindagurika mubijyanye nubwubatsi.
8. Ikirahure
Byongeye kandi, ibirahuri na plastiki, nkibikoresho bigezweho byubaka, bikomeje gukoreshwa mubikorwa byubwubatsi bugezweho. Ikirahure kirashobora kuzuza ibisabwa kumanywa, gushushanya, no gushushanya imbere, bigahuza ningufu zingufu zububiko bugezweho. Ikirahure gisanga gukoreshwa mubice hafi yubwubatsi bitewe nubwoko bwacyo butandukanye, nk'ikirahure cyarakaye, ikirahure giciriritse, ikirahure cyiziritse, ikirahure cyanduye, ikirahure cyirabura, ikirahure gitwikiriye, ikirahure gishushanyije, ikirahure kitarwanya umuriro, ikirahure cya vacuum, nibindi byinshi .
Shanghai-Poly-Grand-Theatre
9. Plastike
Plastike ni icyiciro kigaragara cyibikoresho byubaka, kubera imikorere yacyo myiza, uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, hamwe nicyizere cyiza, bifatwa nkicyiciro cya kane cyingenzi cyibikoresho byubwubatsi nyuma yicyuma, sima, nimbaho mubwubatsi bugezweho. Plastike ifite uburyo bunini bwo gusaba, kuva hejuru hejuru kugeza hejuru yubutaka, no kuva mubikorwa rusange byo hanze kugeza ibikoresho byo gushariza imbere. Kugeza ubu, porogaramu zikoreshwa cyane muri plastike mu iyubakwa ni iy'amazi n’amazi, imiyoboro ya gazi, n'inzugi za PVC n'amadirishya, bigakurikirwa n'insinga z'amashanyarazi n'insinga.
Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi bya plastiki nubushobozi bwabo bwo kuzigama ingufu, hamwe no gukora no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bifite ingufu nke ugereranije n’ibindi bikoresho byubaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubu plastiki zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bitandukanye byo gusakara, kurukuta, no hasi. Umwanya wububiko bwa plastiki uhora utera imbere ugana kumikorere yo hejuru, kunoza imikorere, guhuza byinshi, no gukoresha neza.
10. Ikimenyetso cya silicone
Ikirangantego cya silicone nikintu kimeze nka paste kivangwa no kuvanga polydimethylsiloxane nkibikoresho nyamukuru hamwe nibikoresho byuzuzanya, ibyuzuza, plasitike, imiti ihuza, hamwe na catalizator mugihe cya vacu. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, ikiza kandi ikora reberi ya silicone ya elastike ikoresheje reaction hamwe nubushyuhe bwo mu kirere. Ikoreshwa muguhuza no gufunga ubwoko butandukanye bwikirahure nubundi substrate. Kugeza ubu, Eolya itanga kashe nyinshi, zirimo ikirahuri cyikirahure, kidashobora guhangana n’ikirere, kashe irinda umuriro, kashe y’amabuye, icyuma gifatanyirizwa hamwe, kidashobora kwangirika, icyapa gifatanye, hamwe n’ibirahuri by’ikirahure, n'ibindi, biboneka mu bwoko bwinshi kandi Ibisobanuro.
11. Polyurethane ifuro (PU Foam)
Nubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byubaka, polyurethane ifuro ryitabiriwe cyane mumyaka yashize. Ikomatanyirizwa muri monomers nka isocyanates na polyole binyuze mumikorere ya polymerisation, hamwe na gaze ya karuboni ya gaze karuboni ikora nka furo. Iyi reaction itanga microcellular ifuro yubatswe neza. Ifuro ya Polyurethane ishyirwa mubyiciro byinshi bya polyurethane, ifuro ya polyurethane yoroheje, hamwe na polyurethane igice cya kabiri. Bitandukanye nuburyo bufunze-selile yububiko bukomeye bwa polyurethane, ifuro ya polyurethane yoroheje ifite imiterere-ngirabuzimafatizo, irangwa nuburemere bworoshye, guhumeka, no kwihangana neza. Semi-rigid polyurethane ifuro ni ubwoko bwimikorere ya selile ifuro hamwe nuburemere hagati yifuro yoroshye kandi ikomeye, kandi ifite agaciro gakomeye ko kwikuramo. Rigid polyurethane ifuro, ibikoresho bishya bya sintetike ifite insulée hamwe ninshingano zokwirinda amazi, bifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nubucucike buto, kuburyo akenshi bikoreshwa nkubwishingizi hamwe nibikoresho bya barrière yubaka mubwubatsi.
Ugereranije nibikoresho byubaka gakondo, polyurethane ifuro ifite ibyiza byingenzi mubice bitandukanye, harimo gukora neza cyane, kubika umuriro, kurwanya amazi menshi, hamwe nubukanishi buhamye. Irashobora gukoreshwa kurubuga binyuze muri casting cyangwa gutera kugirango ikore urwego rukomeza, kandi yabonye ibisobanuro byinshi mukubaka hanze, ibisenge, amagorofa, inzugi, amadirishya, hamwe numuyoboro ushyushya imiyoboro.
Ugereranije nibikoresho gakondo byubaka kandi bigezweho, kubera iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga no guhindura ibyifuzo byubwubatsi, ibikoresho byubwubatsi bigezweho bitanga ibyiza byinshi kuruta ibya gakondo. Nkigisubizo, bafashe umwanya wiganje mubwubatsi bwa none, mugihe ibikoresho byubaka gakondo bikoreshwa mubikorwa byinyongera. Ibikoresho byubwubatsi bugezweho nkibyuma, sima, beto, ikirahure, hamwe nibigize byavanyeho imbogamizi yimiterere nubunini byashyizweho nibikoresho gakondo nk'amabuye, ibiti, amatafari y'ibumba, na gypsumu. Borohereje iterambere ry’amazu maremare, maremare kandi yujuje ibyifuzo byo kubaka imijyi, bihuza n’ibikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga ingufu muri sosiyete igezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2023
