Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi ni byo bintu by'ingenzi mu bwubatsi, bigena imiterere y'inyubako, imiterere yayo, n'ingaruka zayo. Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo birimo amabuye, ibiti, amatafari y'ibumba, ishwagara na gypsum, mu gihe ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho birimo ibyuma, sima, sima, ikirahure na pulasitiki. Buri kimwe muri byo gifite imiterere yihariye kandi kigira uruhare runini mu bwubatsi.
Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo
1. Ibuye
Ibuye ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo bya kera byakoreshejwe mu mateka y'abantu. Rifite ububiko bwinshi, rikwirakwizwa cyane, imiterere myiza, imbaraga nyinshi zo gukanda, rirwanya amazi neza, riramba, kandi rirwanya kwangirika neza. Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba bwahoze bukoresha amabuye cyane mu bwubatsi, hamwe n'ingero zigaragara zirimo Ingoro nziza ya Versailles mu Bufaransa n'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Ubwongereza. Byongeye kandi, piramide zo mu Misiri zubatswe hakoreshejwe amabuye manini yaciwe neza. Ubwubatsi bw'amabuye bufite ubwiza, icyubahiro, n'icyubahiro. Ariko, bitewe n'ubucucike n'uburemere bwayo bwinshi, inyubako z'amabuye zikunze kugira inkuta nini, ibyo bigabanyiriza ubuso bw'inyubako. Nyamara, rishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza mu bwubatsi buhanitse, bigatuma habaho ingaruka zidasanzwe mu buhanzi.
2. Inkwi
Ibiti, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo, bifite imiterere nk'iyoroshye, ikomeye cyane, ubwiza, gukora neza, kuvugururwa, kongera gukoreshwa, no kuba bitangiza ibidukikije nta mwanda. Kubwibyo, inyubako z'ibiti zirangwa no kudahungabana no kurwanya imitingito. Ariko, ibiti bikoreshwa mu bwubatsi nabyo bifite imbogamizi. Bikunze kwangirika, gucikamo ibice, gukura kw'ibihumyo, no kwanduzwa n'udukoko. Byongeye kandi, bishobora gushya, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwiza no kuramba kwabyo.
Ibiti byagiye biba ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bidashira bitewe n'imiterere yabyo ihambaye ya mekanike kandi byakoreshejwe cyane mu mirimo y'ubwubatsi kuva kera. Inyubako zimwe na zimwe nk'ibice by'urusengero rwa Nanchan n'urusengero rwa Foguang ku musozi wa Wutai mu Bushinwa zikoreshwa nk'inyubako zisanzwe. Izi nyubako zifite imisozi yoroshye kandi idahinduka, imitako minini, inkingi zigaragara, n'imiterere yoroheje kandi yoroshye.
Mu mishinga ya none y’ubwubatsi bw’ubwubatsi, ibintu nk’ibiti, inkingi, inkingi, inzugi, amadirishya, ndetse n’ibumba rya sima byishingikiriza ku giti. Nk’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bihumeka, ibiti bitanga ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’itumba n’ubukonje mu mpeshyi, bityo bigatuma abantu babaho neza.
Urusengero rwa Nanchan, mu Bushinwa
3. Amatafari y'ibumba
Amatafari y'ibumba ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi byakozwe n'abantu. Kuva kera, amatafari y'ibumba asanzwe yabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo kubaka inkuta mu Bushinwa. Amatafari y'ibumba arangwa n'ingano ntoya, uburemere bworoshye, uburyo bworoshye bwo kubaka, imiterere yayo itunganye kandi ihoraho, ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, ubushobozi bwo gukingira no kubungabunga, ndetse n'imitako y'imbere. Kuyakoresha mu bwubatsi byagize uruhare runini mu guhanga ahantu ho gutura abantu. Umujyi Ubujijwe ni ishusho isanzwe y'ubwubatsi ikoresha amatafari y'ibumba. Amatafari y'ibumba afite imiterere isanzwe akoreshwa ku mpande zo hanze agira uruhare mu buhanzi bw'Umujyi Ubujijwe. Ariko, ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora amatafari y'ibumba ni ibumba karemano, kandi umusaruro wayo ukubiyemo gutakaza ubutaka bwo guhinga. Buhoro buhoro, yasimbuwe n'ibindi bikoresho. Nyamara, umwanya wayo mu mateka y'ubwubatsi bw'abantu ntuzigera uhanagurwa.
4. Limu
Lime, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo, izwiho gukomera kwayo, gukomera buhoro, imbaraga nke nyuma yo gukomera, no kugabanuka gukomeye mu gihe cyo gukomera. Imyaka ibihumbi y'amateka yayo igaragaza icyizere cy'abantu kuri ibi bikoresho. Lime iracyari ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'ubwubatsi, bikoreshwa cyane mu mishinga itandukanye y'ubwubatsi n'inganda, nko gusigwa imbere mu nzu, kuvanga sima y'indimu n'umusenyi, no gutegura amatafari y'ibiti n'ay'ibumba.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, gypsum, ikindi gikoresho cya kera cy’ubwubatsi, gifite ibikoresho byinshi fatizo, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, ingufu nke zikoreshwa mu gukora, ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi menshi, ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura, kandi kidahungabanya ibidukikije. Kirakwiriye cyane cyane mu nyubako zigezweho, imitako, no kurangiza imishinga. Byongeye kandi, gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora plaster ya gypsum na gypsum.
Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho
5. Icyuma
Icyuma gikora uruhare runini mu bwubatsi bwa none nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Icyuma gifite imiterere myiza nko koroha ariko kandi gikomeye, ubuziranenge bwiza n'ubukomezi, umutekano n'ubwirinzi, urwego rwo hejuru rw'inganda, umuvuduko w'ubwubatsi wihuta, gusenya byoroshye, ubushobozi bwo gufunga neza, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyi miterere y'igiciro ituma kiba ingenzi mu bwubatsi bwa none, cyane cyane mu nyubako nini z'ibyuma nka za bibuga by'indege na sitade, inyubako ndende z'ibyuma zirimo amahoteli n'ibiro, inyubako ndende nka televiziyo n'iminara y'itumanaho, inyubako z'ibyuma nk'ibigega binini byo kubikamo peteroli n'ibigega bya gazi, inyubako z'ibyuma by'inganda, inyubako z'ibyuma byoroheje nk'ububiko buto, inyubako z'ibyuma byo ku kiraro, n'inyubako z'ibyuma zo kwimura ibintu nka za ascenseur na crane.
6. Sima
Sima, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho, ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, ubuhinzi, umutungo kamere w'amazi, ubwikorezi, iterambere ry'imijyi, kubaka icyambu, no mu bwubatsi bw'ingabo. Muri iki gihe, yabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bwubatsi ku mushinga uwo ari wo wose w'ubwubatsi. Sima ni ifu idakomoka ku bimera, iyo ivanze n'amazi, ikora ifu isanzwe kandi isanzwe. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi sima ihinduka mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu bya shimi, ihinduka kuva ku ifu isanzwe ihinduka ifu ikomeye ifite imbaraga runaka. Ishobora kandi guhuza ibintu bikomeye cyangwa ibikoresho by'ibinyabutabire kugira ngo ikore imiterere imwe. Sima ntikomera gusa kandi ikarushaho gukomera iyo ishyizwe mu kirere ahubwo ishobora no gukomera mu mazi, igakomeza ndetse inanoza imbaraga zayo. Sima ikoreshwa cyane mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi, ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha mu bwubatsi bw'ibanze, ibikorwa remezo bya peteroli na gaze, kubaka ingomero, kubaka amabati, kubaka imihanda, n'ibindi.
7. Beto
Beto, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho, igira uruhare runini mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi bugezweho. Beto ni ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bikozwe mu kuvanga ibintu bihuza nk'ibumba, ivu, gypsum, ivu ry'ibirunga, cyangwa asphalt karemano hamwe n'ibintu nk'umucanga, slag, n'amabuye ashenye. Ifite imiterere myiza, harimo guhuza cyane, kuramba, no kwirinda amazi. Ariko, beto ifatwa nk'ikintu cyoroshye kandi gifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukanda ariko gifite imbaraga nke cyane zo gukanda, bigatuma ikunda gucika.
Ubwo hashyirwagaho sima n'icyuma, byagaragaye ko guhuza ibi bikoresho bitanga imbaraga zo guhuza neza kandi bigatuma byuzuzanya intege nke za buri kimwe mu gihe bikoresha imbaraga zabyo. Mu gushyira imbaraga z'icyuma muri sima, ntibirinda gusa icyuma kwangirika mu kirere, birinda ingese ahubwo binatuma igice cy'icyuma gikomera. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya sima ikomeye, bikongera uburyo bwo gukoresha sima mu bwubatsi.
Ugereranyije n’inyubako gakondo z’amatafari n’amabuye, inyubako z’ibiti, n’inyubako z’ibyuma, inyubako za sima zagize iterambere ryihuse kandi zabaye ibikoresho by’ingenzi mu bwubatsi bw’ubwubatsi. Byongeye kandi, sima nziza cyane n’ubwoko bushya bwa sima bukomeje gutera imbere no gutera imbere mu bwubatsi.
8. Ikirahure
Byongeye kandi, ibirahure na pulasitiki, nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho, bikomeje gukoreshwa mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi igezweho. Ibirahure bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa mu gutunganya izuba, gushariza, no gushushanya imbere y'inzu, bihuye n'ibisabwa mu nyubako zigezweho mu gukoresha ingufu neza. Ibirahure bikoreshwa hafi ya byose mu bwubatsi bitewe n'ubwoko bwabyo butandukanye, nko mu birahure bishyushye, mu birahure bishyushye, mu birahure bishyushye, mu birahure bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu birahure bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu birahure bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu birahure bifite ishusho, mu birahure bidashobora gushya, mu birahure bidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu birahure bidafite ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'ibindi.
Ikinamico ya Shanghai-Poly-Grand
9. Plasitike
Plastike ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bukiri bushya, bitewe n'imikorere yabwo myiza, uburyo butandukanye bwo kubikoresha, n'ubushobozi butanga icyizere, bufatwa nk'icyiciro cya kane cy'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi nyuma y'icyuma, sima, n'ibiti mu bwubatsi bugezweho. Plastike ifite urwego runini rwo kubikoresha, kuva ku bisenge kugeza ku butaka, no kuva ku nyubako rusange zo hanze kugeza ku bikoresho byo gushariza imbere. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane muri plastiki mu bwubatsi ni ku miyoboro y'amazi n'amazi, imiyoboro itwara gazi, n'inzugi n'amadirishya bya PVC, hagakurikiraho insinga n'insinga z'amashanyarazi.
Imwe mu nyungu zikomeye za pulasitiki ni ubushobozi bwazo bwo kuzigama ingufu, aho gukora no gukoresha ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bifite ingufu nke cyane ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, pulasitiki ubu ikoreshwa cyane mu mishinga itandukanye yo kubaka ibisenge, inkuta, n'inzu. Urwego rwa pulasitiki mu bwubatsi rukomeje gutera imbere rugana ku mikorere myiza, kunoza imikorere, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, no kugabanya ikiguzi.
10. Agakoresho ko gufunga ka silikoni
Ifu ya silikoni ni ikintu gisa n'umusemburo gikozwe mu kuvanga polydimethylsiloxane nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi fatizo hamwe n'ibintu bihuza, ibyuzuza, pulasitiki, ibintu bihuza, na katalysts mu gihe cy'umwuka ushyushye. Mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, ivura kandi igakora rabha ya silikoni ikora neza binyuze mu gukorana n'ubushuhe mu kirere. Ikoreshwa mu guhuza no gufunga ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibirahure n'ibindi bintu. Kuri ubu, Eolya itanga ibintu bifunga byinshi, birimo ifu ya kirahure, ifu yakira ikirere, ifu yakira umuriro, ifu ya ibuye, ifu yakira ibyuma, ifu yakira imyumbati, ifu yakira ibyuma, n'ifu yakira ikirahure, n'ibindi, biboneka mu bwoko butandukanye n'ibisobanuro.
11. Ifuro rya poliyuretani (PU Foam)
Nk'ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ifuro rya polyurethane ryakunzwe cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Rikorwa mu buryo bwa monomer nka isocyanates na polyols binyuze mu buryo bwa polymerization, aho gaze ya karuboni dioxyde de carbone ikora nk'ikintu gitanga ifuro. Ubu buryo butanga ifuro rya microcellular rifite imiterere ikomeye. Ifuro rya polyurethane rigizwe ahanini na polyurethane foam ihamye, polyurethane foam ihamye, na polyurethane foam imeze nk'ikomeye. Bitandukanye n'imiterere ya polyurethane imeze nk'ifuro rifunze, polyurethane foam imeze nk'ifunguye ifite imiterere yoroheje, ihumeka neza, kandi ikomera neza. Ifuro rya polyurethane rimeze nk'ifunguye ni ubwoko bwa polyurethane bumeze nk'ifunguye bufite ubukana hagati ya polyurethane yoroshye n'ikomeye, kandi rifite agaciro ko gukanda cyane. Ifuro rya polyurethane rimeze nk'ifunguye, ibikoresho bishya by'ubukorikori bifite imikorere yo gukingira no gukumira amazi, rifite imikorere mike y'ubushyuhe n'ubucucike buto, bityo rikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gukingira no gukumira ubushyuhe mu bwubatsi.
Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'ubwubatsi, ifuro rya polyurethane rifite ibyiza bidasanzwe mu bintu bitandukanye, birimo ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukingira, kurwanya umuriro cyane, kurwanya amazi menshi, no kugira ubushobozi buhamye bwo gukora imashini. Rishobora gukoreshwa aho rikorera binyuze mu gusuka cyangwa gutera imiti kugira ngo rikore urwego rwo gukingira ruhoraho, kandi ryakoreshejwe cyane mu kubaka inyuma, ku bisenge, hasi, ku nzugi, ku madirishya no mu miyoboro y'imiyoboro ishyushya.
Ugereranyije n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo n'ibigezweho, bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'impinduka mu bucuruzi, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho bitanga inyungu nyinshi kuruta ibya gakondo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byafashe umwanya ukomeye mu bwubatsi bwa none, mu gihe ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi gakondo bikoreshwa mu mwanya w'inyongera. Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bigezweho nk'ibyuma, sima, sima, ibirahure, n'ibindi byakozwe mu buryo buvanze byarenze imbibi z'imiterere n'ingano byashyizweho n'ibikoresho gakondo nk'amabuye, ibiti, amatafari y'ibumba, na gypsum y'ibumba. Byorohereje iterambere ry'inyubako ndende kandi zirebire kandi byujuje ibisabwa mu bwubatsi bw'imijyi, bihuza n'uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije no kubungabunga ingufu muri sosiyete ya none.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-31-2023
