Ibikoresho bya silikoni si igice cy'ingenzi cy'inganda nshya z'inganda zitera imbere mu rwego rw'igihugu, ahubwo ni n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bishyigikira izindi nganda zitera imbere mu rwego rw'inganda.

Kubera ko ahantu hakomeje kwaguka, ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukoresha silicone bwatumye kimwe mu bikoresho bya shimi bikunzwe cyane muri iki gihe.

Igice kinini cy’ikoreshwa rya silicone mu ngo kiri mu nzego nk’ubwubatsi, ikoranabuhanga, amashanyarazi n’ingufu nshya, ubuvuzi, n’ubuvuzi bw’umuntu ku giti cye. Muri zo, urwego rw’ubwubatsi ni rwo rukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe na silicone, rungana na 30%.

Uretse kwiyongera guhoraho kw'ibikenewe ku bikoresho bya silikoni mu nganda zisanzwe, inganda zirinda ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije nka photovoltaics n'ingufu nshya, ndetse n'iterambere ry'inganda zikiri nshya nko kubaka imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ifite ingufu nyinshi cyane n'ifite ingufu nyinshi cyane, ibikoresho by'ubwenge bishobora kwambarwa, icapiro rya 3D, na 5G, byose bitanga ahantu hashya ho kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe kuri silikoni.

Incamake ya Silicone

Silicone ni ijambo rusange rikoreshwa ku bintu bya silicon organic, bikorerwamo kandi bigakorwa hidrolise na silicon y'icyuma na chloromethane.

Intambwe ya mbere mu gukora silicones ni ugukora methylchlorosilane, hanyuma igashyirwamo hydrolyze kugira ngo haboneke monomethyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, na trichlorosilane. Dimethyldichlorosilane ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa monomer bwa silicon y'umwimerere, aho ibicuruzwa byayo by'ingenzi ari silicone rubber na silicone oil.

Muri iki gihe, ubushobozi bwo gukora silicones buvugwa mu Bushinwa muri rusange bwerekeza ku bushobozi bwo gukora bwa methylchlorosilane, mu gihe imibare y'umusaruro ubu yose ishingiye ku ikorwa rya dimethylsiloxane.

Uruhererekane rw'inganda za Silicone

Uruhererekane rw'inganda za silicone rugizwe ahanini n'ibice bine: ibikoresho fatizo bya silicone, silicone monomers, silicones intermediates, na silicones deep processing products. Hari ibigo bike bitunganya ibikoresho fatizo, monomers, na intermediates, mu gihe deep processing ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa bitandukanye kandi ubushobozi bwo kubitunganya butatanye.

Ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni

Uburyo bwo gukora silicones bukoresha igice kinini cy'ibikoresho fatizo. Ibikoresho fatizo bya silicones ni ifu ya silicone yo mu nganda, itegurwa mu nganda binyuze mu kugabanya quartz na coke mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi.

Umusaruro wa silikoni yo mu nganda ukoresha amabuye menshi ya silikoni n'ingufu nyinshi, kandi bigatera umwanda ukomeye ku bidukikije. Kubwibyo, gutanga ibikoresho fatizo bya silikoni yo mu nganda mu buryo buhamye kandi bwiza byabaye garanti y'ibanze yo gukora silikoni.

Nkuko SAGSI ibivuga, mu 2020, ubushobozi bwo gukora silicone ku isi bwari toni miliyoni 6.23, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gukora mu Bushinwa bwari toni miliyoni 4.82, bungana na 77.4%.

Silikoli

Monomer za silicone n'izisanzwe

Ingano y’ibicuruzwa bya silicone monomers n’ibicuruzwa biciriritse mu gihugu irenga 50% by’ibicuruzwa byose ku isi, bigatuma iba ari yo igurisha byinshi bya silicone monomers n’ibicuruzwa biciriritse ku isi. Bitewe n’imiterere idahamye ya silicone monomers, muri rusange amasosiyete avanga monomers mu bikoresho biciriritse nka DMC (dimethylsiloxane) cyangwa D4 kugira ngo bigurishwe.

Hari ubwoko buke n'ibipimo bya silicone monomers na intermediates.

Dimethyldichlorosilane niyo monomer ya silikoni ikoreshwa cyane ubu, ikaba irenga 90% by'ingano yose ya monomer.

Umubare ntarengwa w’inganda zikora silicones ni munini, wazamuwe ukagera kuri toni 200000 kandi ukeneye nibura miliyari 1.5 z’amayuani y’ishoramari. Umubare ntarengwa w’inganda zikora uzateza imbere icyerekezo cy’ubushobozi bwo gukora monomer ku bigo bikomeye.

Kugeza ubu, ni umubare muto w’ibigo bifite ikoranabuhanga rihagije kandi byageze ku musaruro mugari, aho hejuru ya 90% by’ubushobozi bwo gukora bugabanijwe mu bigo 11 bya mbere.

Ubushobozi bwo gukora silicone monomer butuma kandi ibigo biri inyuma y’aho bikorera birushaho kugira umwanya uhagije wo kubyungukiramo.

Dichlorodimethylsilane

Ku bijyanye n'itangwa ry'ibikoresho, ibigo byinshi bikomeye bya silikoni mu Bushinwa bifite imishinga ikomeje cyangwa gahunda nshya. Ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora buzibanda ku musaruro kuva mu 2022 kugeza 2023, kandi ubushobozi bw'inganda mu gukora bugiye kwinjira mu gihe cyo kwaguka vuba.

Amakuru aturuka muri Baichuan Yingfu agaragaza ko ibigo nka Hesheng Silicon Industry, Yunnan Energy Investment, na Dongyue Silicon Materials bizashora imari ingana na toni miliyoni 1.025 z'ubushobozi bwo gukora silicone muri uyu mwaka. Ibigo nka New Special Energy, Asia Silicon Industry, na Sichuan Yongxiang nabyo birimo gushora imari mu bushobozi bwo gukora silicone ya polycrystalline, bigatuma umubare w'abayishaka mu nganda wazamuka.

SAGSI iteganya ko ubushobozi bw'Ubushinwa bwo gukora silicones methyl monomers buzarenga toni miliyoni 6 ku mwaka mu 2025, bungana na 70% by'ubushobozi bw'isi bwo gukora silicones methyl monomers.

Nk’uko C&EN ibivuga, Momentive, isosiyete ikomeye yo mu mahanga ikora silicones irateganya gufunga ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora silicones i Waterford, muri New York, bityo Dow ikaba ari yo yonyine ikora silicones zo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Ubushobozi bwo gukora silicone monomer ku isi bwimuriwe mu Bushinwa, kandi igipimo cy’ubwinshi bw’inganda kizakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza.

Gutunganya silicone mu buryo bwimbitse

Ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byatunganyijwe mu buryo bwimbitse akenshi bibaho mu buryo bwa molekile ya RnSiX (4-n), kandi imiterere ihamye ya fizikike y'urunigi rwa silikoni hamwe n'ihindagurika ry'amatsinda y'imikorere biha ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byatunganyijwe mu buryo bwimbitse imikorere myiza. Ibicuruzwa by'ingenzi ni silikoni na silikoni, bingana na 66% na 21%.

Kugeza ubu, inganda zitunganya silicone mu buryo bwimbitse ziracyari mu iterambere ryihuse, aho inganda zitatanye cyane. Hari ibigo birenga 3,000 bitunganya silicone gusa.

Ikigega cy'ibikoresho fatizo by'uruganda rwa Olivia

Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byatunganyijwe mu buryo bwimbitse mu Bushinwa:

Amasosiyete ya silikoni yo mu mahanga nta nyungu ihenze mu gukora monomer za silikoni ugereranije n’amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa, kandi amasosiyete menshi akomeye ya silikoni yo mu mahanga yibanda ku guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bitunganywa mu buryo bwimbitse no kwagura uruhererekane rw’inganda.

Politiki y’Ubushinwa yo gushyigikira inganda za silicone yagiye ihinduka buhoro buhoro kuva ku gukora monomer ijya ku gutunganya ibicuruzwa bya silicone mu buryo bwimbitse, guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya bya silicone, kwagura amashami mashya yo gukoresha, no kunoza urwego rw’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho byose.

Silika

Ibicuruzwa bya silikoni byo mu bwoko bwa “silicone” bifite agaciro kanini kandi bifite amahirwe yo kubikoresha ku isoko. Kuri ubu, haracyari ahantu hanini ho guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya silikoni mu masoko ari kuzamuka mu Bushinwa no mu mahanga.

Silikoni

Silikoni ya Polycrystalline