Oya ibi ntibizaba birambirana, mu by'ukuri - cyane cyane niba ukunda ibintu bya rubber biramba. Nukomeza gusoma, uzamenya hafi ya byose wifuzaga kumenya kuri One-Part Silicone Sealants.
1) Icyo ari cyo
2) Uburyo bwo kubikora
3) Aho kubikoresha
Intangiriro
Igifunga cya silicone cy'igice kimwe ni iki?
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibice bivura imiti - Silicone, Polyurethane na Polysulfide ni byo bizwi cyane. Izina rikomoka ku rufatiro rw'uturemangingo tugize icyo gikorwa.
Urutirigongo rwa silicone ni:
Si - O - Si - O - Si - O - Si
Silicone yahinduwe ni ikoranabuhanga rishya (nibura muri Amerika) kandi mu by'ukuri risobanura umugongo w'umwimerere uvurwa na chimie ya silane. Urugero ni alkoxysilane terminated polypropylene oxide.
Ibi byose bya chimie bishobora kuba igice kimwe cyangwa bibiri, birumvikana ko bifitanye isano n'umubare w'ibice ukeneye kugira ngo icyo kintu gikire. Bityo rero, igice kimwe bivuze gufungura umuyoboro, karito cyangwa indobo hanyuma ibikoresho byawe bikakira. Ubusanzwe, ubu buryo bw'igice kimwe bukorana n'ubushuhe buri mu kirere bugahinduka karubohidrati.
Rero, silicone y'igice kimwe ni sisitemu ihoraho mu muyoboro kugeza igihe, iyo ihuye n'umwuka, ikira igatanga umupira wa silicone.
Ibyiza
Igice kimwe cya silikoni gifite ibyiza byinshi bidasanzwe.
-Iyo bivanze neza birahamye kandi byizewe, bifite ubushobozi bwo gufata neza no gukora neza. Igihe cyo kubisiga mu muyoboro mbere yo kubikoresha ni nibura umwaka umwe, ni ibisanzwe, hamwe n'uburyo bumwe na bumwe bumara imyaka myinshi. Nta gushidikanya ko silikoni zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza igihe kirekire. Imiterere yazo isanzwe idahinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita nta ngaruka ziterwa no kwangirika kw'imirasire y'izuba, kandi, byongeye kandi, zigaragaza ubushyuhe burambye cyane burenze ubushyuhe bw'izindi sealants ku kigero cya dogere 50.
-Igice kimwe cya silikoni gikira vuba cyane, akenshi uruhu rukura mu minota 5 kugeza ku 10, rugacika mu isaha imwe hanyuma rugahinduka irangi rya elastic ringana na santimetero 1.5 mu gihe kitarenze umunsi umwe. Ubuso bufite ishusho nziza nk'iya rubi.
-Kubera ko zishobora gukorwa zibonerana, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi ubwabyo (ibara rigaragara cyane ni ryo rikoreshwa cyane), biroroshye kuzisiga irangi ku ibara iryo ari ryo ryose.
Imbibi
Ibikoresho bya silikoni bifite imbogamizi ebyiri z'ingenzi.
1) Ntibishobora gusigwa irangi ry’amazi—bishobora kugorana no gukoresha irangi ry’amazi.
2) Nyuma yo gushonga, agakoresho ko gufunga gashobora kurekura bimwe mu bikoresho bya pulasitiki bya silicone, iyo bikoreshejwe mu gice cyo kwagura inyubako, bishobora gutera ibizinga bitagaragara ku nkengero z'igice.
Birumvikana ko bitewe n’imiterere y’igice kimwe, bidashoboka kubona igice cyimbitse vuba binyuze mu gusukura kuko sisitemu igomba kugira icyo ikora n’umwuka bityo igahita ihinduka uhereye hejuru ugana hasi. Iyo bigaragaye neza, silikoni ntizishobora gukoreshwa nk'ipfundikizo ryonyine mu madirishya y’ibirahure ashyushye kuko. Nubwo ari nziza mu gukumira amazi menshi, umwuka w’amazi unyura mu buryo bworoshye muri silikoni yavuwe bigatuma IG ihinduka igihu.
Ahantu hacururizwa isoko n'imikoreshereze yaryo
Silikoni z'igice kimwe zikoreshwa ahantu hose n'ahandi hose, harimo n'ibibabaza ba nyir'inyubako bamwe na bamwe, aho imbogamizi ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru zitera ibibazo.
Isoko ry’ubwubatsi n’iry’ibikoresho byo mu rugo rigizwe n’ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho, ibinyabiziga, inganda, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’iby’ikirere. Kimwe n’ibindi bikoresho byose bifunga, igice kimwe cy’ibikoresho bya silikoni ni ugufata no kuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y’ibikoresho bibiri bisa cyangwa bitandukanye kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi cyangwa imyobo binyuramo. Hari igihe uburyo bwo gukora ibintu budashobora guhinduka uretse gutuma bigenda neza hanyuma bigahinduka irangi. Uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya irangi, irangi n’irangi ni ubworoshye. Irangi rifunga hagati y’ubuso bubiri mu gihe irangi ritwikira kandi rigakingira kimwe gusa mu gihe irangi rigumana ubuso bubiri hamwe cyane. Irangi rifunga rimeze nk’irangi iyo rikoreshejwe mu kurangisha cyangwa kurangisha, ariko riracyakora no gufunga ibyo bikoresho byombi hamwe no kubigumana.
Ubutabire bw'ibanze
Ifu ya silicone ifunze mu gihe idakize isanzwe isa n'umusemburo mwinshi cyangwa amavuta. Iyo igeze mu mwuka, amatsinda y'inyuma ya silicone polymer hydrolyze (ahura n'amazi) hanyuma agafatanya, arekura amazi maze agakora iminyururu miremire ya polymer ikomeza kugirana imikoranire kugeza igihe umusemburo uhinduka umusemburo utangaje. Itsinda ry'ipfundo ku mpera ya silicone polymer rikomoka ku gice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoreshwa (usibye polymer ubwayo) ari yo crosslinker. Ni crosslinker iha sealant imiterere yayo idasanzwe yaba nk'impumuro nziza n'umuvuduko wo kuvura, cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye nk'ibara, gufatana, nibindi bitewe n'ibindi bikoresho fatizo bishobora gukoreshwa na sisitemu zihariye za crosslinker nka fillers na adhesion promoters. Guhitamo crosslinker ikwiye ni ingenzi mu kumenya imiterere ya nyuma ya sealant.
Ubwoko bw'imiti ivura
Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura.
1) Asetoksi (impumuro ya vinegere ivanze n'aside)
2) Oxime
3) Alkoxy
4) Benzamide
5) Amine
6) Aminoxy
Oximes, alkoxies na benzamides (zikoreshwa cyane mu Burayi) ni zo zitwa sisitemu zitagira aside cyangwa zidafite aside. Sisitemu za amine na aminoxy zifite impumuro ya ammonia kandi zikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu bice by'imodoka n'inganda cyangwa mu bwubatsi bwihariye bwo hanze.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze
Imiti igizwe n'ibice bitandukanye, bimwe muri byo ni ibyo guhitamo, bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwa.
Ibikoresho by'ibanze gusa ni polymer ikora neza na crosslinker. Ariko, ibintu byuzuza, ibintu bitera imbaraga, polymer idakora neza (plasticizing) na catalysts hafi ya byose byongerwamo. Byongeye kandi, hari ibindi bintu byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa nka pastes z'amabara, fungicides, ibibuza umuriro, n'ibidahindura ubushyuhe.
Ifurumu z'ibanze
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora oxime cyangwa serivise ya DIY sealant buzamera nk'ubu:
| % | ||
| Polydimethylsiloxane, OH yarangiye 50.000cps | 65.9 | Polima |
| Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethyl yavuyeho, 1000cps | 20 | Igikoresho cya pulasitiki |
| Methyltrioximinosilane | 5 | Crosslinker |
| Aminopropyltriethoxysilane | 1 | Umutezi wo gupfuka |
| Ubuso bwa silica ya kare 150/g | 8 | Icuzuza |
| Dibutyltin dilaurate | 0.1 | Katalisiti |
| Igiteranyo | 100 |
Imiterere Ifatika
Imiterere isanzwe y'umubiri irimo:
| Uburebure (%) | 550 |
| Imbaraga zo Gukurura (MPa) | 1.9 |
| Modulus kuri Elongation 100 (MPa) | 0.4 |
| Ubukomere bw'inyanja | 22 |
| Uruhu mu gihe runaka (iminota) | 10 |
| Igihe cyo Kuruhuka (iminota) | 60 |
| Igihe cyo gupfunyika (iminota) | 120 |
| Gukira binyuze mu buryo bwo kuvura (mm mu masaha 24) | 2 |
Uburyo bwo gukora ifumbire hakoreshejwe izindi mfumbire mvange buzasa, wenda butandukanye n’urwego rwa mfumbire mvange, ubwoko bwa adhesion promoter na catalysts. Imiterere yabyo iratandukanye gato keretse iyo hari ibyuma byongewemo iminyururu. Hari uburyo bwo gukora budashobora gukorwa byoroshye keretse hakoreshejwe ingano nini y’ingwa. Ubwo bwoko bw’ifumbire bushobora gukorwa mu buryo busobanutse cyangwa butanga urumuri.
Guteza imbere ibifunga
Hari ibyiciro bitatu byo gukora agakoresho gashya ko gufunga.
1) Gufata, gukora no gupima muri laboratwari - ingano nto cyane
Aha, umuhanga mu by'imiti muri laboratwari afite ibitekerezo bishya kandi akenshi atangirana n'agace gato ka garama 100 z'umusemburo kugira ngo arebe uko uvura n'ubwoko bwa kabutura ikorwa. Ubu hari imashini nshya iboneka yitwa "The Hauschild Speed Mix" ikomoka kuri FlackTek Inc. Iyi mashini yihariye ni nziza cyane mu kuvanga utu duce duto twa garama 100 mu masegonda menshi mu gihe isohora umwuka. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko ubu yemerera umuhanga mu by'imiti kugerageza imiterere y'utu duce duto. Silika ifumye cyangwa ibindi byuzuza nk'ingwa zishyushye bishobora kuvangwa muri silikoni mu masegonda agera ku 8. Gukuraho umwuka bifata amasegonda agera kuri 20-25. Iyi mashini ikora hakoreshejwe uburyo bubiri butagira ingano bwo gupima ibyuma, bukoresha uduce ubwatwo nk'ibikoresho byabyo byo kuvanga. Ingano ntarengwa y'imvange ni garama 100 kandi hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikombe harimo n'ibikoreshwa mu gusana, bivuze ko nta gusukura na gato.
Icy'ingenzi mu ikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa si ubwoko bw'ibintu gusa, ahubwo ni no ku buryo byongewemo n'igihe cyo kuvanga. Birumvikana ko gukuramo umwuka cyangwa kuwukuramo ari ingenzi kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bishobore kumara igihe kirekire, kuko utubumbe tw'umwuka tuba dufite ubushuhe butuma agakoresho ko gufunga ibintu gakira imbere.
Iyo umutezi w’imiti amaze kubona ubwoko bw’icyuma gifunga gikenewe mu ikoreshwa rye, gipima kugeza kuri litiro imwe y’umuvuduko w’isine ushobora gukora imiyoboro mito igera kuri 3-4 ya mililitiro 110 (3oz). Ibi birahagije mu gupima igihe ntarengwa cyo gukoresha no gupima ko bifatanye hamwe n’ibindi bisabwa byihariye.
Hanyuma ashobora kujya ku mashini ya galoni imwe cyangwa ebyiri kugira ngo akore imiyoboro ya galoni 8-12 10 kugira ngo apime byimbitse kandi afate ingero z'abakiriya. Ifu ivanwa mu nkono inyuze muri silindiri y'icyuma ijya mu karito ikwiranye na silindiri yo gupakira. Nyuma y'ibi bizamini, aba yiteguye kongera ingufu.
2) Kongera no gutunganya neza ingano iri hagati
Mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi, uburyo bwo gukora imashini ya laboratwari ubu bukorerwa ku mashini nini isanzwe iri hagati ya 100-200kg cyangwa hafi y'ingoma. Iyi ntambwe ifite intego ebyiri z'ingenzi.
a) kureba niba hari impinduka zikomeye hagati y’ingano ya 1.5 kg n’iyi ngano nini ishobora guterwa n’umuvuduko wo kuvanga no gukwirakwira, umuvuduko wo gukora ibintu n’ingano zitandukanye z’umuvuduko mu mvange, na
b) gukora ibikoresho bihagije byo gupima abakiriya bashobora kuba abakiriya no kubona amakuru nyayo ku kazi.
Iyi mashini ya litiro 50 kandi ni ingirakamaro cyane ku bicuruzwa by’inganda iyo hakenewe ingano nto cyangwa amabara yihariye kandi hakenewe ingoma imwe gusa ya buri bwoko icyarimwe.
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imashini zivanga. Imashini ebyiri zikoreshwa cyane ni izivanga imibumbe (nk'uko bigaragara haruguru) n'izivanga imibumbe zihuta cyane. Imashini zivanga imibumbe ni nziza ku mvange zihuta cyane mu gihe izivanga imibumbe zikora neza cyane cyane mu buryo bworoshye bwo kuvanga imibumbe. Mu bikoresho bisanzwe byo gufunga imibumbe, imashini iyo ari yo yose ishobora gukoreshwa igihe cyose umuntu yita ku gihe cyo kuvanga imibumbe n'uburyo ishobora gutanga ubushyuhe bw'imashini ivanga imibumbe yihuta cyane.
3) Ingano yuzuye y'umusaruro
Umusaruro wa nyuma, ushobora kuba ukozwe mu itsinda cyangwa ukomeza, twizere ko uzagaragaza gusa uburyo bwa nyuma bwo gupima. Ubusanzwe, ibikoresho bike (ibice 2 cyangwa 3 cyangwa amasaha 1-2 ahoraho) bibanza gukorwa mu bikoresho byo gukora hanyuma bigasuzumwa mbere yuko umusaruro usanzwe utangira.
Gupima - Icyo wakora n'uko wabigenza.
Iki
Imiterere y'umubiri - Uburebure, Imbaraga zo Gufatana na Modulus
Gufata ku butaka bukwiye
Ubuzima bwo mu cyumba - haba mu gihe cyihuse cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bw'icyumba
Ingano zo kuvura - Uruhu rugenda ruhinduka, igihe cyo kwikuramo no kuvura, Amabara Ubushyuhe Gutuza cyangwa kudahinduka mu bintu bitandukanye nk'amavuta
Byongeye kandi, hari izindi ngingo z'ingenzi zigenzurwa cyangwa zigaragara: imiterere ihamye, impumuro nke, kwangirika no kugaragara muri rusange.
Uburyo
Urupapuro rw'umusemburo rukurwamo hanyuma rugasigwa kugira ngo rukire mu gihe cy'icyumweru. Hanyuma inzogera yihariye idasanzwe iracibwa igashyirwa mu gipimo cyo gupima kugira ngo ipime imiterere y'umubiri nko kurekura, modulus n'imbaraga zo gukurura. Bikoreshwa kandi mu gupima imbaraga zo gufatana/guhuza ku ngero zateguwe byihariye. Ibizamini byoroshye byo gufatana bya yego-oya bikorwa hakoreshejwe gukurura amasaro y'ibikoresho byashyizwe ku gice cy'ingenzi.
Igipimo cya Shore-A gipima ubukana bwa rubber. Iki gikoresho gisa n'uburemere n'igipimo gifite ingingo ikandagira mu gipimo cyavuwe. Uko ingingo irushaho kwinjira muri rubber, ni ko rubber yoroha kandi agaciro kayo kakagabanuka. Imashini isanzwe yo gufunga izaba iri hagati ya 15 na 35.
Gupima uruhu inshuro nyinshi, inshuro zitarimo gupimwa n'ibindi bipimo byihariye by'uruhu bikorwa hakoreshejwe urutoki cyangwa impapuro za pulasitiki zifite uburemere. Igihe mbere yuko pulasitiki ikurwamo neza kirapimwa.
Ku gihe cyo kubika, imiyoboro y'icyuma gifunga irashaje haba ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba (bisanzwe bifata umwaka umwe kugira ngo hagaragazwe igihe cyo kubika) cyangwa ku bushyuhe buri hejuru, ubusanzwe buri kuri dogere 50°C mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 1, 3, 5, 7 n'ibindi. Nyuma yo gusaza (umuyoboro wemerewe gukonja mu gikoresho cyihuta), ibikoresho bikurwa mu muyoboro bigakururwa mu rupapuro aho byemerewe gukira. Imiterere y'icyuma gikozwe muri izi mpapuro irageragezwa nkuko byari bimeze mbere. Iyi miterere igereranywa n'iy'ibikoresho bishya bivanze kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe gikwiye cyo kubika.
Ibisobanuro birambuye by’ibizamini byinshi bikenewe biboneka mu gitabo cya ASTM.
Inama zimwe na zimwe za nyuma
Silikoni zikozwe mu gice kimwe ni zo zifunga zifite ubuziranenge buhanitse. Zifite aho zigarukira kandi niba hari ibisabwa byihariye zishobora gukorwa by'umwihariko.
Ni ngombwa kumenya neza ko ibikoresho byose byumye uko bishoboka kose, imvange ihamye kandi ko umwuka ukurwa mu gihe cyo gukora.
Gutegura no gupima ni kimwe muri byo ku gice kimwe cy’umusemburo utitaye ku bwoko bwacyo - menya neza ko wagenzuye buri kintu cyose gishoboka mbere yo gutangira gukora ingano y’umusaruro kandi ko usobanukiwe neza n’ibyo porogaramu ikeneye.
Bitewe n'ibisabwa mu gukoresha, imiti ikwiye ishobora gutoranywa. Urugero, niba silicone yatoranijwe kandi impumuro, ingese n'uburyo ifatana bitafatwa nk'ingenzi ariko hakenewe igiciro gito, acetoxy ni yo nzira nziza. Ariko, niba ibice by'icyuma bishobora kwangirika cyangwa hakenewe uburyo bwihariye bwo gufatana na plastiki mu ibara ridasanzwe rirabagirana, ukeneye oxime.
[1] Dale Flackett. Ibinyabutabire bya Silicone: Silane na Silicone [M]. Gelest Inc: 433-439
* Ifoto ya OLIVIA Silicone Sealant
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-31-2024
